with pressure

ex-prĭmo, pressi, pressum, 3, v. a. [premo], to press or squeeze out, to force out (class.).

Lit.:

oleum ex malobathro,

Plin. 12, 26, 59, § 129:

sucum expresso semini,

id. 20, 1, 2, § 3:

sucum flore,

id. 21, 19, 74, § 127:

sucum radici,

id. 27, 13, 109, § 136; cf.: vinum palmis, oleum sesamae (dat.), id. 6, 28, 32, § 161:

oleum amygdalis,

id. 13, 1, 2, § 8:

sudorem de corpore,

Lucr. 5, 487:

lacrimulam oculos terendo,

Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 23:

si nubium conflictu ardor expressus se emiserit, id esse fulmen,

Cic. Div. 2, 19, 44:

liquorem per densa foramina (cribri),

Ov. M. 12, 438; cf.:

aquam in altum,

Plin. 31, 3, 23, § 39:

aquam in altitudinem,

Vitr. 8, 7:

quantum has (turres) quotidianus agger expresserat,

had carried up, raised, Caes. B. G. 7, 22, 4 Oud.:

pecuniam alicui,

Suet. Oth. 5; id. Vesp. 4.—

Transf.

With an object denoting that out of which something is pressed or squeezed, to press, squeeze, wring:

spongiam ex oleo vel aceto,

Cels. 5, 24 med.:

lanam ex vino vel aceto,

Plin. 29, 2, 9, § 31; cf.:

Venus madidas exprimit imbre comas,

Ov. A. A. 3, 224:

spongiae expressae inter duas tabulas,

Plin. 31, 11, 47, § 128:

oleam,

id. 12, 27, 60, § 130:

folia rosae,

id. 21, 18, 73, § 122:

tuberculum,

id. 11, 11, 12, § 29.—

To form by pressure, to represent, form, model, portray, express (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose;

freq. in the elder Pliny): (faber) et ungues exprimet et molles imitabitur aere capillos,

Hor. A. P. 33; cf.:

alicujus furorem... verecundiae ruborem,

Plin. 34, 14, 40, § 140:

expressa in cera ex anulo imago,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 54:

imaginem hominis gypso e facie ipsa,

Plin. 35, 12, 44, § 153; cf.:

effigiem de signis,

id. ib.:

optime Herculem Delphis et Alexandrum, etc.,

id. 34, 8, 19, § 66 et saep.:

vestis stricta et singulos artus exprimens,

exhibiting, showing, Tac. G. 17:

pulcher aspectu sit athleta, cujus lacertos exercitatio expressit,

has well developed, made muscular, Quint. 8, 3, 10.

Trop.

To squeeze or wring out, to extort, wrest, elicit: lex, quam ex natura ipsa arripuimus, hausimus, expressimus, qs. pressed out, Cic. Mil. 4, 10:

utilitas expressit nomina rerum,

has imposed, Lucr. 5, 1029: cf.:

cum ab iis saepius quaereret, neque ullam omnino vocem exprimere posset,

Caes. B. G. 1, 32, 3:

expressa est Romanis necessitas obsides dandi,

Liv. 2, 13, 4:

confessionem concessi maris hosti,

id. 37, 31, 5:

confessionem cruciatu,

Suet. Galb. 10:

deditionem ultimā necessitate,

Liv. 8, 2, 6:

pecunia vi expressa et coacta,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 69, § 165:

tu si tuis blanditiis a Sicyoniis nummulorum aliquid expresseris,

Cic. Att. 1, 19, 9:

risum magis quam gemitum,

Plin. Ep. 4, 7, 7 et saep.—With ut:

expressi, ut conficere se tabulas negaret,

have constrained, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 47, § 112:

expressit, ut polliceretur,

Curt. 6, 7. —

Transf. (acc. to I. B. 2.), to imitate, copy, represent, to portray, describe, express, esp. in words (cf. reddo):

cum magnitudine animi tum liberalitate vitam patris et consuetudinem expresserit,

i. e. imitated, Cic. Rab. Post. 2, 4:

lex expressa ad naturam,

id. Leg. 2, 5, 13:

vitia imitatione ex aliquo expressa,

id. de Or. 3, 12, 47:

rem ante oculos ponit, cum exprimit omnia perspicue, ut res prope dicam manu tentari possit,

Auct. Her. 4, 40, 62; cf. id. ib. §

63: hanc speciem Pasiteles caelavit argento et noster expressit Archias versibus,

Cic. Div. 1, 36, 79:

mores alicujus oratione,

id. de Or. 2, 43, 184:

multas nobis imagines fortissimorum virorum expressas scriptores Graeci et Latini reliquerunt,

id. Arch. 6, 14; cf. id. ib. 12, 30:

in Platonis libris omnibus fere Socrates exprimitur,

id. de Or. 3, 4, 15: Mithridaticum bellum magnum atque difficile totum ab hoc expressum est, depicted to the life, id. Arch. 9, 21; cf.:

ut Euryalum exprimat infans,

may resemble, Juv. 6, 81.—With rel.-clause as object:

diligenter, quae vis subjecta sit vocibus,

id. Fin. 2, 2, 6:

exprimere non possum, quanto sim gaudio affectus,

tell, express, Plin. Ep. 5, 15, 2; Vell. 2, 124, 1:

verbis exprimere quid quis sentiat,

Plin. Ep. 5, 16, 7:

quod exprimere dicendo sensa possumus,

Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 32:

mores in scriptis exprimere,

Suet. Vit. Ter. 4.—Of translating into another language, to render, translate:

si modo id exprimere Latine potuero,

Cic. Rep. 1, 43; cf. id. ib. 1, 44: katalêpsin, verbum e verbo exprimentes comprehensionem dicemus, id. Ac. 2, 10, 31:

nec tamen exprimi verbum e verbo necesse erit,

id. Fin. 3, 4, 15; cf.:

verbum de verbo expressum extulit,

Ter. Ad. prol. 11:

fabellae Latinae ad verbum de Graecis expressae,

Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4; Plin. Ep. 4, 18, 1.—Of words, to pronounce, utter:

nolo exprimi litteras putidius nolo obscurari neglegentius,

with affected distinctness, Cic. de Or. 3, 11, 41:

verba,

Quint. 1, 2, 6; 9, 4, 10; 40 al.—Rarely of a personal object:

oratorem imitando effingere atque exprimere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 22, 90:

moderatorem rei publicae nostris libris diligenter expressimus,

id. Att. 8, 11, 1.—Hence, expressus, a, um, P. a., clearly exhibited, prominent, distinct, visible, manifest, clear, plain, express (syn. solidus, opp. adumbratus).

Lit.:

species deorum, quae nihil concreti habeat, nihil solidi, nihil expressi, nihil eminentis,

Cic. N. D. 1, 27, 75; cf.:

litterae lituraeque omnes assimulatae, expressae,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 77, § 189:

corpora lacertis expressa,

powerful, muscular, Quint. 8 praef. §

19: protinus omnibus membris, expressus infans,

fully formed, id. 2, 4, 6.—

Trop.

In gen.:

habuit Catilina permulta maximarum non expressa signa, sed adumbrata virtutum,

Cic. Cael. 5, 12; cf.:

est gloria solida quaedam res et expressa, non adumbrata,

id. Tusc. 3, 2, 3 (v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 5, 22, 62, p. 723 sq.):

indicia solida et expressa,

id. Planc. 12; cf.:

veri juris germanaeque justitiae solida et expressa effigies,

id. Off. 3, 17, 69:

expressa sceleris vestigia,

id. Rosc. Am. 22, 62:

expressiora et illustriora,

id. Fam. 1, 7, 9; cf. Plin. Ep. 5, 15, 3; and:

quid expressius atque signatius in hanc causam?

Tert. Res. Carn. 3.—

Expressa carmina Battiadae, translated, Cat. 65, 16.—Of distinct pronunciation:

vitia oris emendet, ut expressa sint verba, ut suis quaeque litterae sonis enuntientur,

Quint. 1, 11, 4:

expressior sermo,

id. 1, 1, 37:

expressior loquacitas generi picarum est,

Plin. 10, 42, 59, § 118. —In a bad sense, of a too emphatic, affected pronunciation: sonus erat dulcis: litterae neque expressae neque oppressae, ne aut obscurum esset aut putidum, Cic Off. 1, 37, 133.—Hence, adv.: expressē.

Lit., with pressure, strongly:

artus expressius fricare,

Scrib. Comp. 198.—

Trop., expressly, distinctly, clearly:

conscripta exempla,

Auct. Her. 4, 7, 10:

quod ipsum expressius Hesiodus hoc versu significavit,

Col. 11, 1, 29.—Of pronunciation, distinctly:

ut ea (R littera) a nullo expressius efferretur,

Val. Max. 8, 7, 1 ext.

prĕmo, essi, essum, 3, v. a. [etym. dub.; cf. prelum], to press (class.).

Lit.:

pede pedem alicui premere,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 30:

et trepidae matres pressere ad pectora natos,

Verg. A. 7, 518:

veluti qui sentibus anguem Pressit humi nitens,

id. ib. 2, 379:

novercae Monstra manu premens,

id. ib. 8, 288:

pressit et inductis membra paterna rotis,

i. e. drove her chariot over her father's body, Ov. Ib. 366:

trabes Hymettiae Premunt columnas,

press, rest heavily upon them, Hor. C. 2, 18, 3:

premere terga genu alicujus,

Ov. Am. 3, 2, 24:

ubera plena,

i. e. to milk, id. F. 4, 769:

vestigia alicujus,

to tread in, to follow one's footsteps, Tac. A. 2, 14:

nudis pressit qui calcibus anguem,

Juv. 1, 43:

dente frena,

to bite, to champ, Ov. M. 10, 704:

ore aliquid,

to chew, eat, id. ib. 5, 538; cf.:

aliquid morsu,

Lucr. 3, 663:

presso molari,

with compressed teeth, Juv. 5, 160:

pressum lac,

i. e. cheese, Verg. E. 1, 82.—In mal. part.:

Hister Peucen premerat Antro,

forced, Val. Fl. 8, 256:

uxorem,

Suet. Calig. 25.—Of animals:

feminas premunt galli,

Mart. 3, 57, 17.—

Transf.

Poet., to bear down upon, to touch:

premere litora,

Ov. M. 14, 416:

litus,

to keep close to the shore, Hor. C. 2, 10, 3:

aëra,

i. e. to fly, Luc. 7, 835.—

Poet., to hold fast, hold, firmly grasp:

premere frena manu,

Ov. M. 8, 37:

ferrum,

to grasp, Sil. 5, 670:

capulum,

id. 2, 615.—

Poet., to press a place with one's body, i. e. to sit, stand, lie, fall, or seat one's self on any thing:

toros,

Ov. H. 12, 30:

sedilia,

id. M. 5, 317:

hoc quod premis habeto,

id. ib. 5, 135:

et pictam positā pharetram cervice premebat,

id. ib. 2, 421:

humum,

to lie on the ground, id. Am. 3, 5, 16; cf. id. F. 4, 844:

frondes tuo premis ore caducas,

id. M. 9, 650; Sen. Hippol. 510.—

To cover, to conceal by covering (mostly poet.):

aliquid terrā,

to conceal, bury in the earth, Hor. Epod. 1, 33:

nonumque prematur in annum,

kept back, suppressed, id. A. P. 388:

omne lucrum tenebris alta premebat humus,

Ov. Am. 3, 8, 36:

ossa male pressa,

i. e. buried, id. Tr. 5, 3, 39; Plin. 2, 79, 81, § 191; hence, to crown, to cover or adorn with any thing:

ut premerer sacrā lauro,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 18:

molli Fronde crinem,

Verg. A. 4, 147:

canitiem galeā,

id. ib. 9, 612:

mitrā capillos,

Ov. F. 4, 517; cf. Verg. A. 5, 556.—

To make, form, or shape any thing by pressing ( poet.):

quod surgente die mulsere horisque diurnis, Nocte premunt,

they make into cheese, Verg. G. 3, 400:

os fingit premendo,

id. A. 6, 80:

caseos,

id. E. 1, 35:

mollem terram,

Vulg. Sap. 15, 7; Calp. Ecl. 5, 34.—

To press hard upon, bear down upon, to crowd, pursue closely:

hostes de loco superiore,

Caes. B. G. 7, 19:

Pompeiani nostros premere et instare coeperunt,

id. B. C. 3, 46:

hac fugerent Graii, premeret Trojana juventus,

Verg. A. 1, 467:

Pergamenae naves cum adversarios premerent acrius,

Nep. Hann. 11, 5:

hinc Rutulus premit, et murum circumsonat armis,

Verg. A. 8, 473:

obsidione urbem,

Caes. B. G. 7, 32.—Of the pursuit or chase of animals:

ad retia cervum,

Verg. G. 3, 413:

spumantis apri cursum clamore,

id. A. 1, 324:

bestias venatione,

Isid. 10, 282.—

To press down, burden, load, freight:

nescia quem premeret,

on whose back she sat, Ov. M. 2, 869:

tergum equi,

id. ib. 8, 34;

14, 343: et natat exuviis Graecia pressa suis,

Prop. 4, 1, 114 (5, 1, 116):

pressae carinae,

Verg. G. 1, 303:

pressus membra mero,

Prop. 2, 12 (3, 7), 42:

magno et gravi onere armorum pressi,

Caes. B. G. 4, 24:

auro phaleras,

to adorn, Stat. Th. 8, 567.—

To press into, force in, press upon:

(caprum) dentes in vite prementem,

Ov. F. 1, 355:

presso sub vomere,

Verg. G. 2, 356; cf.:

presso aratro,

Tib. 4, 1, 161:

alte ensem in corpore,

Stat. Th. 11, 542:

et nitidas presso pollice finge comas,

Prop. 3, 8 (4, 9), 14:

et cubito remanete presso,

leaning upon, Hor. C. 1, 27, 8. —

To make with any thing ( poet.):

aeternā notā,

Ov. F. 6, 610:

littera articulo pressa tremente,

id. H. 10, 140:

multā via pressa rotā,

id. ib. 18, 134.—

To press down, let down, cause to sink down, to lower:

nec preme, nec summum molire per aethera currum,

Ov. M. 2, 135:

humanaeque memor sortis, quae tollit eosdem, Et premit,

id. Tr. 3, 11, 67:

mundus ut ad Scythiam Rhiphaeasque arduus arces Consurgit, premitur Libyae devexus in Austros,

sinks down, Verg. G. 1, 240; Sen. Herc. Fur. 155. —

In partic.

To set, plant:

virgulta per agros,

Verg. G. 2, 346; 26.—

To make or form by pressing down, to make any thing deep, to dig:

vestigio leviter presso,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 24, § 53; cf.

(trop.): vestigia non pressa leviter, sed fixa,

id. Sest. 5, 13:

sulcum premere,

to draw a furrow, Verg. A. 10, 296:

fossam transversam, inter montes pressit (al. percussit),

Front. Strat. 1, 5:

fossa pressa,

Plin. Ep. 10, 69, 4:

cavernae in altitudinem pressae,

Curt. 5, 1, 28.—

To strike to the ground, to strike down:

tres famulos,

Verg. A. 9, 329:

paucos,

Tac. H. 4, 2.—

To press closely, compress, press together, close:

oculos,

Verg. A. 9, 487:

alicui fauces,

Ov. M. 12, 509:

laqueo collum,

to strangle, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 37:

angebar ceu guttura forcipe pressus,

Ov. M. 9, 78:

presso gutture,

compressed, Verg. G. 1, 410; cf.:

siquidem unius praecordia pressit ille (boletus) senis,

i. e. stopped his breath, Juv. 6, 621:

quibus illa premetur Per somnum digitis,

choked, id. 14, 221:

amplexu presso,

united, in close embrace, Sen. Oedip. 192:

oscula jungere pressa,

to exchange kisses, Ov. H. 2, 94; so,

pressa basia,

Mart. 6, 34, 1:

presso gradu incedere,

in close ranks, foot to foot, Liv. 28, 14:

pede presso,

id. 8, 8.—

In partic.

To shorten, tighten, draw in:

pressis habenis,

Verg. A. 11, 600 (cf.:

laxas dure habenas,

id. ib. 1, 63).—

To keep short, prune:

Calenā falce vitem,

Hor. C. 1, 31, 9:

luxuriem falce,

Ov. M. 14, 628:

falce premes umbras (i. e. arbores umbrantes),

Verg. G. 1, 157; 4, 131:

molle salictum,

Calp. Ecl. 5, 110.—

To check, arrest, stop:

premere sanguinem,

Tac. A. 15, 64:

vestigia pressit,

Verg. A. 6, 197:

attoniti pressere gradum,

Val. Fl. 2, 424 ' dixit, pressoque obmutuit ore, was silent, Verg. A. 6, 155.—

To press out, bring out by pressure:

tenerā sucos pressere medullā,

Luc. 4, 318; cf.: (equus) collectumque fremens volvit sub naribus ignem, Verg. ap. Sen. Ep. 95, 68, and id. G. 3, 85 Rib.—

To frequent: feci ut cotidie praesentem me viderent, habitavi in [p. 1441] oculis, pressi forum, Cic. Planc. 27, 66.—

Trop.

To press, press upon, oppress, overwhelm, weigh down; to urge, drive, importune, pursue, to press close or hard, etc. (class.):

ego istum pro suis factis pessumis pessum premam,

Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 49 Lorenz ad loc.:

quae necessitas eum tanta premebat, ut, etc.,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 97:

ea, quae premant, et ea, quae impendeant,

id. Fam. 9, 1, 2:

aerumnae, quae me premunt,

Sall. J. 14, 22:

pressus gravitate soporis,

bound by heavy, deep sleep, Ov. M. 15, 21:

cum aut aere alieno, aut magnitudine tributorum, aut injuriā potentium premuntur,

Caes. B. G. 6, 13:

invidia et odio populi premi,

Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 228:

premi periculis,

id. Rep. 1, 6, 10:

cum a me premeretur,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 53, § 139; cf.:

aliquem verbo,

id. Tusc. 1, 7, 13:

criminibus veris premere aliquem,

Ov. M. 14, 401:

cum a plerisque ad exeundum premeretur, exire noluit,

was pressed, urged, importuned, Nep. Ages. 6, 1:

a Pompeii procuratoribus sescentis premi coeptus est,

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 3: numina nulla premunt;

mortali urgemur ab hoste,

Verg. A. 10, 375:

premere reum voce, vultu,

Tac. A. 3, 67:

crimen,

to pursue obstinately, Quint. 7, 2, 12:

confessionem,

to force a confession from one, id. 7, 1, 29:

argumentum etiam atque etiam,

to pursue steadily, Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 88:

ancipiti mentem formidine pressus,

Verg. A. 3, 47:

maerore pressa,

Sen. Oct. 103:

veritate pressus negare non potuit,

overcome, overpowered, Lact. 4, 13.—

Transf.

To repress, hide, conceal (mostly poet.):

dum nocte premuntur,

Verg. A. 6, 827:

curam sub corde,

id. ib. 4, 332:

odium,

Plin. Pan. 62:

iram,

Tac. A. 6, 50:

pavorem et consternationem mentis vultu,

id. ib. 13, 16:

interius omne secretum,

Sen. Ep. 3, 4:

dolorem silentio,

Val. Max. 3, 3, 1 ext.; cf. silentia, Sil. 12, 646:

aliquid ore,

Verg. A. 7, 103:

jam te premet nox,

Hor. C. 1, 4, 16.—

To lower, diminish, undervalue, disparage, depreciate:

premendorum superiorum arte sese extollebat,

Liv. 22, 12:

arma Latini,

Verg. A. 11, 402:

opuscula ( = deprimere atque elevare),

Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 36:

famam alicujus,

Tac. A. 15, 49:

premere ac despicere,

Quint. 11, 1, 16:

premere tumentia, humilia extollere,

id. ib. 10, 4, 1.—

To surpass, exceed:

facta premant annos,

Ov. M. 7, 449:

ne prisca vetustas Laude pudicitiae saecula nostra premat,

id. P. 3, 1, 116:

quantum Latonia Nymphas Virgo premit,

Stat. S. 1, 2, 115.—

To rule ( poet.):

dicione premere populos,

Verg. A. 7, 737:

imperio,

id. ib. 1, 54:

Mycenas Servitio premet,

id. ib. 1, 285.—

To suppress, pull down, humble, degrade:

quae (vocabula) nunc situs premit,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 118:

nec premendo alium me extulisse velim,

Liv. 22, 59, 10; cf. id. 39, 41, 1:

premebat reum crimen,

id. 3, 13, 1.—

To compress, abridge, condense:

haec enim, quae dilatantur a nobis, Zeno sic premebat,

Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 20.—

To check, arrest, repress, restrain:

cursum ingenii tui, Brute, premit haec importuna clades civitatis,

Cic. Brut. 97, 332:

sub imo Corde gemitum,

Verg. A. 10, 464:

vocem,

to be silent, id. ib. 9, 324:

sermones vulgi,

to restrain, Tac. A. 3, 6.—

To store up, lay up in the mind, muse upon:

(vocem) ab ore Eripuit pater ac stupefactus numine pressit,

Verg. A. 7, 119.—Hence, pressus, a, um, P. a.

Moderate, slow, suppressed, kept down.

Lit.:

presso pede eos retro cedentes principes recipiebant,

Liv. 8, 8, 9:

presso gradu,

id. 28, 14, 14; cf.:

pressoque legit vestigia gressu,

Ov. M. 3, 17.—

Trop.

Of the voice or manner, subdued:

haec cum pressis et flebilibus modis, qui totis theatris maestitiam inferant,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 106.—

Of color, lowered, depressed; hence, dark, gloomy:

color pressus,

Pall. 4, 13, 4:

color viridi pressior,

Plin. 35, 6, 13, § 32:

spadices pressi,

Serv. Verg. G. 3, 82.—

Esp., of an orator or of speech.

Compressed, concise, plain, without ornament (class.):

fiunt pro grandibus tumidi, pressis exiles, fortibus temerarii, etc.,

Quint. 10, 2, 16:

cum Attici pressi et integri, contra Asiani inflati et inanes haberentur,

id. 12, 10, 18.—Of style:

pressa et tenuia, et quae minimum ab usu cotidiano recedant,

Quint. 10, 1, 102:

pressus et demissus stilus,

Plin. Ep. 1, 8, 5; Quint. 4, 2, 117.— Comp.: in concionibus pressior, et circumscriptior, et adductior, more moderate, keeping more within bounds, Plin. Ep. 1, 16, 4.—

Close, exact, accurate:

Thucydides ita verbis aptus et pressus, ut,

Cic. de Or. 2, 13, 56: quis te fuit umquam in partiundis rebus pressior? more exact, more accurate, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 364, 24:

sicuti taxare pressius crebriusque est, quam tangere,

Gell. 2, 6, 5:

quod (periculum) observandum pressiore cautelā censeo,

stricter, greater, App. M. 5, p. 160, 36:

cogitationes pressiores,

id. ib. 5, p. 163, 32.—So of sounds, precise, intelligible:

(lingua) vocem profusam fingit atque sonos vocis distinctos et pressos facit,

Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 149.—Hence, adv.: pressē, with pressure, violently (class.): artius pressiusque conflictata, Atei. Capito ap. Gell. 10, 6, 2.—

Closely, tightly.

Lit.:

vites pressius putare,

Pall. 12, 9:

pressius colla radere,

Veg. Vet. 1, 56.—

Trop.

Of pronunciation, shortly, neatly, trimly:

loqui non aspere, non vaste, non rustice, sed presse, et aequabiliter, et leniter,

Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; id. Off. 1, 37, 133.—

Of the mode of expression, etc., concisely, not diffusely:

definire presse et anguste,

Cic. Or. 33, 117:

abundanter dicere, an presse,

Quint. 8, 3, 40:

pressius et astrictius scripsi,

Plin. Ep. 3, 18, 10.—

Without ornament, simply:

unum (genus oratorum) attenuate presseque, alterum sublate ampleque dicentium,

Cic. Brut. 55, 202:

aliquid describere modo pressius, modo elatius,

Plin. Ep. 4, 14, 3.—

Closely, exactly, correctly, accurately:

mihi placet agi subtilius, et pressius,

Cic. Fin. 4, 10, 24:

definiunt pressius,

id. Tusc. 4, 7, 14:

anquisitius, et exactius pressiusque disserere,

Gell. 1, 3, 21.

pressus, a, um, Part. and P. a., from premo.

pressus, ūs, m. [premo], a pressing, pressure (class.).

With gen. subj.:

animus intentione suā depellit pressum omnem ponderum,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 23, 54.—

With gen. obj.: hic pressu duplici palmarum continet anguem, Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 42, 109: ipso oris pressu, i. e. a proper pressure of the lips, so as not to pronounce too broadly, id. de Or. 3, 11, 43.

impĕtus ( inp-), ūs (dat. impetu, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 3; no gen. plur.; abl. impetibus, Lucr. 1, 293; v. also impes), m. [impeto], an attack, assault, onset (freq. and class.; in sing. and plur. equally common).

Lit.

In gen.:

incursio atque impetus armatorum,

Cic. Caecin. 15, 44:

gladiis destrictis in eos impetum fecerunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25, 2:

impetum facere in aliquem,

id. ib. 1, 46 fin.; Hirt. B. G. 8, 18, 4:

in agros,

Liv. 1, 5, 4:

ad regem,

id. 1, 5, 7; cf.:

in hostes,

Caes. B. G. 1, 22, 3:

dare impetum in aliquem,

Liv. 4, 28, 1; 2, 19, 7:

capere impetum in aliquem,

Plin. 9, 30, 48, § 91:

hostes impetu facto celeriter nostros perturbaverunt,

Caes. B. G. 4, 12, 1:

oppidum magno impetu oppugnare,

id. ib. 2, 6:

primo hostium impetu pulsi,

id. ib. 2, 24, 1:

impetus gladiorum excipere,

id. ib. 1, 52, 4:

impetum sustinere,

id. ib. 3, 2, 4:

ferre impetum,

id. ib. 3, 19, 3:

fracto impetu levissimi hominis,

Cic. Fam. 1, 5, b, 2:

impetum propulsare,

id. Mur. 1, 2:

nec primum quidem impetum, nec secundum, nec tertium, sustinere potuerunt,

Flor. 3, 3, 4; Liv. 33, 36, 11:

uno impetu,

Curt. 8, 14, 18; Lact. 3, 26, 10; 5, 4, 1:

coërcere,

Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 180:

aquarum domare,

id. 31, 6, 31, § 58:

nec tantum (cupiditates) in alios caeco impetu incurrunt, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 1, 13, 44.— Poet.: biformato impetu Centaurus, with double - shaped attack, Cic. poët. Tusc. 2, 8 fin.; v. biformatus.—

In partic.

In medic. lang., an attack of a disease, a fit, paroxysm:

febris,

Cels. 2, 15:

pituitae,

Plin. 28, 12, 50, § 183:

coeliacorum,

id. 20, 14, 53, § 148: oculorum, i. e. inflammation, id. 20, 3, 8, § 16:

thymum e vino tumores et impetus tollit,

id. 21, 21, 89, § 157; so absol., id. 22, 25, 58, § 122. —

In mechanics, the pressure of a load, Vitr. 6, 3.—

Transf., in gen. (without reference to an object), violent impulse, violent or rapid motion, impetus, impetuosity, violence, fury, vehemence, vigor, force.

Physical: labitur uncta carina, volat super impetus undas, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 379 Vahl.):

in magno impetu maris atque aperto,

Caes. B. G. 3, 8, 1:

Hebri,

Phaedr. 3, prol. 59:

impetus caeli,

i. e. rapid motion, Cic. N. D. 2, 38, 97; Lucr. 5, 200. — Hence also poet.: quieti corpus nocturno impetu Dedi, in the nocturnal revolution, i. e. in the night, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 44:

impetus ipse animaï Et fera vis venti,

Lucr. 6, 591; cf.:

tantos impetus ventorum sustinere,

Caes. B. G. 3, 13, 6.—

Mental, impulse, vehemence, ardor, passion, etc.

Sing.:

repentino quodam impetu animi incitatus,

internal pressure, impulse, Cic. Off. 1, 15, 49; cf.:

ut tota mente omnique animi impetu in rem publicam incumbas,

id. Fam. 10, 5, 2; id. Att. 11, 5, 1:

impetu magis quam consilio,

Liv. 42, 29, 11:

aliter in oratione nec impetus ullus nec vis esse potest,

Cic. Or. 68, 229; cf.:

ad omnem impetum dicendi,

id. Deiot. 2, 5:

actiones quae recitantur impetum omnem caloremque perdunt,

Plin. Ep. 2, 19, 2:

resumere impetum fractum omissumque,

id. ib. 7, 9, 6:

adulescens impetus ad bella maximi,

Vell. 2, 55, 2:

est prudentis, sustinere ut currum sic impetum benevolentiae,

Cic. Lael. 17, 63:

divinus impetus,

id. Div. 1, 49, 111:

si ex hoc impetu rerum nihil prolatando remittitur,

Liv. 37, 19, 5:

donec impetus famae et favor exercitus languesceret,

Tac. Agr. 39 fin.:

est mihi per saevas impetus ire feras,

I feel an impulse, Ov. H. 4, 38:

Bessus occidendi protinus regis impetum ceperat,

had formed a sudden purpose, Curt. 5, 12, 1:

statim moriendi impetum cepit,

Suet. Oth. 9.—

Prov.: Da spatium tenuemque moram, male cuncta ministrat impetus,

haste makes waste, Stat. Th. 10, 704 sq. —

Plur.:

animalia, quae habent suos impetus et rerum appetitus,

impulses, instincts, Cic. Off. 2, 3, 11:

an fortitudo, nisi insanire coeperit, impetus suos non habebit?

id. Tusc. 4, 22, 50:

temperantia est rationis in libidinem atque in alios non rectos impetus animi firma et moderata dominatio,

id. Inv. 2, 54, 164:

insanos atque indomitos impetus vulgi cohibere,

id. Rep. 1, 5.

impĕtus ( inp-), ūs (dat. impetu, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 3; no gen. plur.; abl. impetibus, Lucr. 1, 293; v. also impes), m. [impeto], an attack, assault, onset (freq. and class.; in sing. and plur. equally common).

Lit.

In gen.:

incursio atque impetus armatorum,

Cic. Caecin. 15, 44:

gladiis destrictis in eos impetum fecerunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25, 2:

impetum facere in aliquem,

id. ib. 1, 46 fin.; Hirt. B. G. 8, 18, 4:

in agros,

Liv. 1, 5, 4:

ad regem,

id. 1, 5, 7; cf.:

in hostes,

Caes. B. G. 1, 22, 3:

dare impetum in aliquem,

Liv. 4, 28, 1; 2, 19, 7:

capere impetum in aliquem,

Plin. 9, 30, 48, § 91:

hostes impetu facto celeriter nostros perturbaverunt,

Caes. B. G. 4, 12, 1:

oppidum magno impetu oppugnare,

id. ib. 2, 6:

primo hostium impetu pulsi,

id. ib. 2, 24, 1:

impetus gladiorum excipere,

id. ib. 1, 52, 4:

impetum sustinere,

id. ib. 3, 2, 4:

ferre impetum,

id. ib. 3, 19, 3:

fracto impetu levissimi hominis,

Cic. Fam. 1, 5, b, 2:

impetum propulsare,

id. Mur. 1, 2:

nec primum quidem impetum, nec secundum, nec tertium, sustinere potuerunt,

Flor. 3, 3, 4; Liv. 33, 36, 11:

uno impetu,

Curt. 8, 14, 18; Lact. 3, 26, 10; 5, 4, 1:

coërcere,

Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 180:

aquarum domare,

id. 31, 6, 31, § 58:

nec tantum (cupiditates) in alios caeco impetu incurrunt, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 1, 13, 44.— Poet.: biformato impetu Centaurus, with double - shaped attack, Cic. poët. Tusc. 2, 8 fin.; v. biformatus.—

In partic.

In medic. lang., an attack of a disease, a fit, paroxysm:

febris,

Cels. 2, 15:

pituitae,

Plin. 28, 12, 50, § 183:

coeliacorum,

id. 20, 14, 53, § 148: oculorum, i. e. inflammation, id. 20, 3, 8, § 16:

thymum e vino tumores et impetus tollit,

id. 21, 21, 89, § 157; so absol., id. 22, 25, 58, § 122. —

In mechanics, the pressure of a load, Vitr. 6, 3.—

Transf., in gen. (without reference to an object), violent impulse, violent or rapid motion, impetus, impetuosity, violence, fury, vehemence, vigor, force.

Physical: labitur uncta carina, volat super impetus undas, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 379 Vahl.):

in magno impetu maris atque aperto,

Caes. B. G. 3, 8, 1:

Hebri,

Phaedr. 3, prol. 59:

impetus caeli,

i. e. rapid motion, Cic. N. D. 2, 38, 97; Lucr. 5, 200. — Hence also poet.: quieti corpus nocturno impetu Dedi, in the nocturnal revolution, i. e. in the night, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 44:

impetus ipse animaï Et fera vis venti,

Lucr. 6, 591; cf.:

tantos impetus ventorum sustinere,

Caes. B. G. 3, 13, 6.—

Mental, impulse, vehemence, ardor, passion, etc.

Sing.:

repentino quodam impetu animi incitatus,

internal pressure, impulse, Cic. Off. 1, 15, 49; cf.:

ut tota mente omnique animi impetu in rem publicam incumbas,

id. Fam. 10, 5, 2; id. Att. 11, 5, 1:

impetu magis quam consilio,

Liv. 42, 29, 11:

aliter in oratione nec impetus ullus nec vis esse potest,

Cic. Or. 68, 229; cf.:

ad omnem impetum dicendi,

id. Deiot. 2, 5:

actiones quae recitantur impetum omnem caloremque perdunt,

Plin. Ep. 2, 19, 2:

resumere impetum fractum omissumque,

id. ib. 7, 9, 6:

adulescens impetus ad bella maximi,

Vell. 2, 55, 2:

est prudentis, sustinere ut currum sic impetum benevolentiae,

Cic. Lael. 17, 63:

divinus impetus,

id. Div. 1, 49, 111:

si ex hoc impetu rerum nihil prolatando remittitur,

Liv. 37, 19, 5:

donec impetus famae et favor exercitus languesceret,

Tac. Agr. 39 fin.:

est mihi per saevas impetus ire feras,

I feel an impulse, Ov. H. 4, 38:

Bessus occidendi protinus regis impetum ceperat,

had formed a sudden purpose, Curt. 5, 12, 1:

statim moriendi impetum cepit,

Suet. Oth. 9.—

Prov.: Da spatium tenuemque moram, male cuncta ministrat impetus,

haste makes waste, Stat. Th. 10, 704 sq. —

Plur.:

animalia, quae habent suos impetus et rerum appetitus,

impulses, instincts, Cic. Off. 2, 3, 11:

an fortitudo, nisi insanire coeperit, impetus suos non habebit?

id. Tusc. 4, 22, 50:

temperantia est rationis in libidinem atque in alios non rectos impetus animi firma et moderata dominatio,

id. Inv. 2, 54, 164:

insanos atque indomitos impetus vulgi cohibere,

id. Rep. 1, 5.

nīsus, a, um, Part., from nitor.

nīsus, ūs, m. [nitor], a pressing or resting upon or against, a pressure; a striving, exertion, labor, effort (mostly poet.; nixus in good prose, v. h. v.): pedetentim et sedato nisu, a tread, step, Pac. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 48:

pinnarum nisus inanis,

a flight, Lucr. 6, 834; so,

insolitos docuere nisus,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 8:

hic dea se primum rapido pulcherrima nisu Sistit,

Verg. A. 11, 852:

stat gravis Entellus nisuque immotus eodem, etc.,

in the same posture, id. ib. 5, 437: hunc stirps Oceani maturis nisibus Aethra Edidit, pains, throes, labor of parturition (v. 2. nixus), Ov. F. 5, 171.—In prose:

tamquam nisus evomentis adjuvaret,

retchings, Tac. A. 12, 67:

uti prospectus nisusque per saxa facilius foret,

Sall. J. 94, 1 Dietsch:

quae dubia nisu videbantur,

id. ib. 94, 2 Dietsch:

non pervenit nisu sed impetu,

Quint. 8, 4, 9; 1, 12, 10.

Nīsus, i, m., = Nisos

A king of Megara, father of Scylla, who, in order to gain the love of Minos, cut off her father's purple hair, on which the safety of his kingdom depended, whereupon Nisus was changed into a sparrow-hawk, and Scylla into the bird ciris, Verg. G. 1, 404 sq.; Ov. M. 8, 8 sqq.; v. Scylla.—

Hence,

Nī-saeus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Nisus, Nisæan:

et vos Nisaei, naufraga monstra, canes,

i. e. Scylla, the daughter of Phorcus, Ov. F. 4, 500; cf. id. A. A. 1, 331.—

Nīsēis, ĭdis, f., the daughter of Nisus, Scylla (q. v.), confounded with the daughter of Phorcus:

praeterita cautus Niseide navita gaudet,

Ov. R. Am. 737.—

Nī-sēĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Nisus, Nisæan: per mare caeruleum trahitur Niseia virgo, Verg. Cir. 390; Ov. M. 8, 35.—

Nīsĭas, ădis, f., Nisæan, i. e. Megarian: Nisiades matres Nisiadesque nurus, of Megaris, in Sicily (a colony of Megara, in Greece), Ov. H. 15, 54.—

Son of Hyrtacus and friend of Euryalus, Verg. A. 5, 294; 9, 176 sq.

nīsus, a, um, Part., from nitor.

nīsus, ūs, m. [nitor], a pressing or resting upon or against, a pressure; a striving, exertion, labor, effort (mostly poet.; nixus in good prose, v. h. v.): pedetentim et sedato nisu, a tread, step, Pac. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 48:

pinnarum nisus inanis,

a flight, Lucr. 6, 834; so,

insolitos docuere nisus,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 8:

hic dea se primum rapido pulcherrima nisu Sistit,

Verg. A. 11, 852:

stat gravis Entellus nisuque immotus eodem, etc.,

in the same posture, id. ib. 5, 437: hunc stirps Oceani maturis nisibus Aethra Edidit, pains, throes, labor of parturition (v. 2. nixus), Ov. F. 5, 171.—In prose:

tamquam nisus evomentis adjuvaret,

retchings, Tac. A. 12, 67:

uti prospectus nisusque per saxa facilius foret,

Sall. J. 94, 1 Dietsch:

quae dubia nisu videbantur,

id. ib. 94, 2 Dietsch:

non pervenit nisu sed impetu,

Quint. 8, 4, 9; 1, 12, 10.

Nīsus, i, m., = Nisos

A king of Megara, father of Scylla, who, in order to gain the love of Minos, cut off her father's purple hair, on which the safety of his kingdom depended, whereupon Nisus was changed into a sparrow-hawk, and Scylla into the bird ciris, Verg. G. 1, 404 sq.; Ov. M. 8, 8 sqq.; v. Scylla.—

Hence,

Nī-saeus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Nisus, Nisæan:

et vos Nisaei, naufraga monstra, canes,

i. e. Scylla, the daughter of Phorcus, Ov. F. 4, 500; cf. id. A. A. 1, 331.—

Nīsēis, ĭdis, f., the daughter of Nisus, Scylla (q. v.), confounded with the daughter of Phorcus:

praeterita cautus Niseide navita gaudet,

Ov. R. Am. 737.—

Nī-sēĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Nisus, Nisæan: per mare caeruleum trahitur Niseia virgo, Verg. Cir. 390; Ov. M. 8, 35.—

Nīsĭas, ădis, f., Nisæan, i. e. Megarian: Nisiades matres Nisiadesque nurus, of Megaris, in Sicily (a colony of Megara, in Greece), Ov. H. 15, 54.—

Son of Hyrtacus and friend of Euryalus, Verg. A. 5, 294; 9, 176 sq.